英语语法-被动语态

构成：be + 过去分词

不同时态的被动语态be变化

is, is being, has been, was, was being, had been, will be, will have been

不用by情况

• 实施者明显

​ a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.

​ b. Your hand will be X-rayed.

​ c. The streets are swept every day.

• 实施者未知或没必要提及

​ a. The President has been murdered.

​ b. My car has been moved.

​ c. Rice is grown in many countries.

​ d. The library was built in 1890.

• 泛指人们

​ acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report,

​ say, think

​ People believe him to be honest.

​ He is believed to be honest.

• 主句主语是one, you, they 通常用被动语态

​ One/ You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.

​ This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.

​ They are building a new public library in our town.

​ A new public library is being built in our town.

• 避免改换主语(可以接by短语)

​ When he arrived home, a detective arrested him.

​ When he arrived home, he was arrested.

不及物动词没有被动语态

He came here last night.

He looks fine.

双宾语可以有两种被动语态(人做主语更常见)

Someone gave me a gift.

I was given a gift.

Someone gave a gift to me.

A gift was given to me.

静态被动语态

句子	解释
Now the door is locked	这里的is locked 只是强调动作，起着形容词的作用。
I locked the door two minutes ago. The door was locked by me two minutes ago.	这里的was locked强调动作

Clint broke the window last night

The window was broken last night

Now the window is broken.

• 常见interested, excited, satisfied, married, disappointed, scared, frightened, worried, lost

​ a. I am interested in grammar.

​ b. I am satisfied with Clint’s grammar course.

​ c. She is married to her teacher.

​ d. The table is made of wood.

​ e. Are you scared of snake?

get与被动语态(get与过去分词连用)

• 可以构成被动语态

​ a. My watch got broken while I was playing with the children.

​ b. He got caught by the police because he exceeded the speed limit.

• 可以接静态的被动形式，表示主语的状态

​ a. I stopped working because I got tired.

​ b. I got worried because he was two hours late.

​ c. She is getting dressed to the party and has trouble deciding what clothes to wear.

have/get sth done

have sth done或者get sth done

• 安排别人把事情做好(主要用法)

​ a. Are you going to repair the car yourself?

​ b. No, I’m going to have it repaired.

​ c. I want to have/get my iterms repaired. (My iterms need repairing.)

​ d. I must get my hair cut = I want someone to cut my hair.

​ e. You should get/have your bike repaired.

​ g. If you don’t get our of my house, I’ll have you arrested.

• 意外或不行的事情

​ a. I got my car stolen last year.

​ b. Have you ever had your passport stolen?

​ c. Joe had his leg broken in a fight.

​ d. It took me two hours to get the washing done.

​ e. Don’t get your plans changed.

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