英语语法-基本句子结构

subject + intransitive verb: 主 + 不及物动词

Man proposes; God disposes

Modesty benefits; pride hurts

The sun rises and the sun sets. Stars glitter and stars vanish. There are ups and downs in life

常常带有状语

​ Great minds think alike

​ The sun sets in the west

Subject + Link Verb + Subject Complement: 主 + 系动词 + 表语（主语补足语）

He looks unhappy

The leaf will trun yellow in autumn

I’ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week

The best proof of love is trust

Bread is the staff of life

介词短语也可以做表语

​ Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

表示特征状态: feel, look. sound, taste, smell, seem, appear

​ The iron feels hot.

​ The rose doesn’t smell much

状态转变: become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come

​ Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short

​ The jokes fell flat

​ fall asleep

​ fall due

​ go hungry go sour go wrong

​ Hope your dreams will come ture

​ The leaf will turn yellow in autumn

​ I’ve got to return the book this afternoon. it falls overdue a week

状态保持: continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove

​ The weather continued fine for several days

​ He held silent fo the whole day

​ He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises

​ You may rest assured that he will come to the party

近似不及物动词的系动词

​ Mr. Bean often acted weird in public

​ All the audience sat silent

​ He was born poor

​ The boy blushed scarlet

​ I married young

​ He died young

​ Jane Austin died a spinster

​ He died a hero’s death

Subject + + Transsitive Verb + Object: 主 + 谓 +宾

​ Beauty will buy no beef

​ I want to go home now

​ I’ve finished reading the book

​ I’ll pick you up this evening

Subject + Dative Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object: 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

​ He showed the guard this passport

​ I will buy you a meal

​ 1. assign, award, bring, deliver, deny, feed, give, grant, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass

​ pass, pay, promise, post, read, recomment, sell, send, show, take, write

​ He showed his passport to the guard

​ He showed the guard his passport

​ 2. 介词用for: book, buy, build, change, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, make, order, prepare, sing

​ I am going to buy a gift for her

​ I am going to buy her a gift

​ 3. 不能用介词: charge, cost, bet

​ I’ll bet you ten dollars

​ The repairman charged me ten dollars

​ 特殊: ask

​ Can I ask you a question?

​ Can I ask a question of you

Subject + Factitive Verb + Object + Object Complement

​ They appointed John chairman

​ I believe him to be true

​ The chairman declared the meeting over

​ They elected John chairman

​ You can leave the door open

​ A hedge between keeps friendship green

​ 双宾语和复合宾语区分:宾语后加上be，若能成完整句子则是补足语

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