主格人称代词

作用：主句或从句中做主语

​ She is my daughter.

​ It was he who helped me when I was in trouble.

概念：三种句子充当另外一句子的四种句子成分

1. 陈述句：句前 + that (当宾语时可省略)

​ a. That the moon itself does not give off lights is common knowledge.

​ b. I’ve learned (that) love, not time heals all wounds.

名词从句

逻辑思路：从句—>动名词or不定式

that引导的主语从句：动名词当主语

​ It surprised us that John won the marathon.

​ John’s winning the marthon suprised us.

介词

特点：不能单独使用，后面需带宾语（名词，代词，数词，动名词，动名词短语，名词从句）
搭配：在介词前的词：动词（depend on）名词（pay attention to）形容词（be kind to）

subject + intransitive verb: 主 + 不及物动词

Man proposes; God disposes

Modesty benefits; pride hurts

The sun rises and the sun sets. Stars glitter and stars vanish. There are ups and downs in life

概念：用句子修饰另一句子中的概念(词 to 整个句子)

单词：The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.

短语：He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exercise.

分句：He said that he had no time, which isn’t true.

时间副词

种类

​ 1.确切时间：yesterday, today, now, tomorrow

​ 2.不确切时间：already, recently, lately, before, soon, then, afterwards

​ 3.副词短语：this morning, last night, in the morning, a week ago, three months ago,

做主语

1. 直接句首做主语：谓语动词用单数

​ a. Seeing is believing.

​ b. Reading is like permitting a man to talk a long time, and refusing you the right to answer.

做主语：It + to do sth 句型

1. It + to do sth句型；it做形式主语

​ a. It is easier to spend money than to make money.

​ b. It takes time to study English well.

​ 形式主语it不能用this或that替换

完整句子做定语

形容词做定语放在被修饰词前面

完整句子做定语放在被修饰词后面

定语从句的重要概念

先行词：被修饰或限定的词（the people）